One way to fix it (although I guess it is some overhead to just show a parent-title by retrieving it from DB....), is to use before-render and fetch the parent-title form the DB with the parent-ID. Following code does this exactly, if someone knows a more elegant way? Be my guest...
$db = JFactory::getDbo();
$query = $db->getQuery(true);
$query->select('title');
$query->from($db->quoteName('#__content'));
$query->where($db->quoteName('id')." = ". $fields['td_parentid']->value);
// Reset the query using our newly populated query object.
$db->setQuery($query);
$row = $db->loadObjectList();
// set form field value (this is a 'free-field')
$fields['tdtrajecttitle']->form = $row['0']->title;