Hello Lidiane,
you should also have a look into the Manuals -> Designer section. There is valuable info about templating concept and lists...
I am missing a screenshot and setting of your actual Seblod list menuItem. Which template are you using for the listing? You have to assign fields to the list. I assume you have noticed the default templates called SEB BLOG, SEB TABLE... both are different in setup!
A.) The Seb BLOG has no direct positions for field assignment. It makes use of the ITEM view (which makes use of the template Seb ONE!. So, you have to assign fields in your LIST/SEARCH type to the ITEM view to see any result.
B.) The Seb TABLE allows to assign fields to the LIST view positions directly.
Anyways, you don't need an extra Search module, if you want the basic structure in your initial screenshot. A search can be displayed above the list view. You just have to configure and assign fields to SEARCH view tab.
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Your last screenshot and issue is a different story and listing. You are listing Categories type only. That's all. It does not display articles. Although, a click on the category name might link to another articles list. Headsup: This can be set on the category title with #2 Link/Typography. There is a link option called List/Search type. (I don't think you would need such a category listing)