Hello Cyril,
I would try the following:
In 'Link+Typography' options you can choose 'Date' option.
After clicking the '+', among the set of parameters for 'Format' there is a section called 'JTEXT' where you can choose DATE_FORMAT_LC1, DATE_FORMAT_LC2… It seems that you can even create your own language constant.
Then you could create an override for the constant you have chosen, for each of your language in 'Extension/Languages'.
Hope that helps.
Best regards